Native Language And Cultural Practices Of Multicultural...

Asset pedagogies seek to sustain and use the native language and cultural practices of multicultural students to assist these students in learning the language and literacy skills that are taught in the American classroom (Paris Alim, 2014). What this means to me is that, we do not attempt to rewrite the native culture of these students, but instead, we use their native culture to enhance their learning of the American language and standards. According to McCarty and Lee (2014), we must not only sustain these cultures, but also revitalize them through our pedagogy. Their research focuses on Native Americans and the struggles they have in maintain their culture and language in the current education system where they are not afford educational sovereignty. The most relevant asset pedagogies that I came across in my research are those that go beyond the liabilities of best practices and exercises the more realistic expectations of wise practices in the classroom (Davis, 1997). These wise practices take into account the practice application of education for each student in the classroom. I think that in the context of the multicultural assets in our classrooms, this means that we cannot expect these students to leave behind their culture to become more like the white norm. This white norm brings us to creating the category â€Å"other†, which is where all students who are not the white norm are placed for education purposes. Kimashiro (2000), conducted research on ways toShow MoreRelatedThe Curriculum And The Classroom Of The Classrooms Of U.s. Schools1334 Words   |  6 Pagesthe idea of Westernized pedagogical practices in the classrooms of U.S. schools. More specifically, during our course I was inspired to explore how li teracy and the teaching of reading have perpetuated dominant stereotypes in the classroom and how these Western ideas and canon have affected students’ perception of a culturally diverse and inclusive classroom. Traditionally, Westernized approaches to literacy education have excluded and assimilated many non-native individuals, and even with good intentions;Read MoreThe Teaching Concept Of Banking Education1098 Words   |  5 Pagesparents in the student s education. I teach in San Luis, AZ, a community composed mainly of Hispanic families and Spanish is the primary language. In order to build a positive relationship with the community and parents, it is important to understand and implement the culture in the curriculum. Setting an open door policy, genuinely listening to concerned parents, and speaking in the family’s native language, allows educators to gain an understanding of their student s cultural strengths and needsRead MoreMulticultural Competence Of School Psychologists1031 Words   |  5 PagesMulticultural Competence of School Psychologists For more than two decades, school psychology has known about the necessity for, and importance of, developing multicultural competence (Fouad Arrendondo, 2007). From research, ethics, and practice standards, school psychologists and other school personnel have been aware that an effective school professional is multiculturally competent and able to make sense of students’ sociocultural, socioracial, and sociopolitical backgrounds thatRead MoreThe History of Multicultural Education Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica had entered into a period of cultural definition especially with the emergence of the Civil Rights Movement. Although the term â€Å"multicultural education† had not come into play yet, the idea that the U.S needed to reexamine their efforts of educating diverse groups was emerging. During this time inequality especially among minority groups in comparison to the white dominant culture became a social issue (Banks 1999). Before the arrival of this reform multicultural education was displayed in theRead MoreMulticultural Education : A Truly Multicultural Mosaic1259 Words   |  6 PagesMulticultural education incorporates the idea that all students- regardless of their gender, social class, and ethnic, racial, or cultural characteristics- should have an equal opportunity to learn in school, (Banks Banks, 2010, p. 3.) For centuries our country, the United States of America, has been known as the â€Å"melting pot† in a sense that our world was moving towards multiculturalism. Some see the old metaphor, the â€Å"melting pot† fading away within the last decade and has grown into a new term(s)Read MoreCultural Exchange Classroom : Benefits For Students And Teachers1701 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Exchange in the Classroom: Benefits For Students and Teachers Ideally kids who are expected to become multilingual would be placed in classrooms where a teacher can speak their native language(s) and effectively communicate with the kids and the parents thereby validating the home language. Of course this isn’t always an option, and it surly wasn’t an option for my small town school. However, I believe that if the teachers could have handled the classrooms with a softer touch. By not attachingRead MoreUniversity Of Washington And I Am From Malaysia, A Multicultural Country906 Words   |  4 PagesI study in University of Washington and I am from Malaysia, a multicultural country. Over the past four years of being away from home, I have grown and improved a lot. Coming from a multicultural country, I am fluent in English, Malay, Mandarin, and Cantonese and I can be a linguistic to overcome the language barrier in the University of California – Santa Barbara (UCSB)’s community. My knowledge of different cultures and religions will promote mutual understanding in the community. I can adapt intoRead MoreThe Mining Industry Can Be Considered A Valuable Asset For The American Economy Over The Course Of The Nation924 Words   |  4 Pagesas prevalent today as it once was, the technological advancements in the process of mining are vastly different from those originally implemented by miners decades ago. However, one strategy for successful mining has remained relevant not in its practice, but in its use as an analogy, particularly in reference to the education system today. The idea of the canary in the mine pit discusses the example of when miners would bring canaries with them into the pits in order to detect noxious fumes. WhenRead MoreAn Investigation Into Different Theories Of Modern Curriculum1031 Words   |  5 Pagestheories of modern curriculum. I believe that while we have served students from CFB very well, there are a number of viewpoints that warrant consideration when redrawing our K-12 curriculum. As you are well aware, our student body is very diverse. In fact, there are nearly 4 times as many Hispanic students than any other group. (Carrollton Farmers Branch Demographics, 2015) Our aging curriculum has taught many thousands of students important facts and skills to make them successful in life afterRead MoreThe Students Language Learners ( Ells )1641 Words   |  7 PagesWithin the past ten years, the number of English Language Learners (ELLs) has doubled. An increase of more than 2 million ELL students in the U.S schools, left professionals within the field of education with no choice but to face the challenge of understanding cultural differences. In addition to this, educators must understand how these differences affect students’ language development, learning style, academic achievement and most importantly, his or her performance on standardized tests. These

Andy Warhol- Pop Culture Free Essays

Pop Culture Spring 2010 Prof. Howell Andy Warhol â€Å"Pop Art is an art movement in the U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Andy Warhol- Pop Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now in the 1950’s and reached its peak of activity in the 1960’s, chose as its subject matter the anonymous, everyday, standardized, and banal iconography in American life, as comic strips, billboards, commercial products, and celebrity images and dealt with them typically in such form as outsize commercially smooth paintings, mechanically reproduced silk-screens, large-scale facsimiles, and soft sculptures†(Dictionary). While looking up the definition of Pop Art, Dictionary. om tells you â€Å"see also Andy Warhol. † Andy Warhol defined Pop Art. Warhol was a twentieth- century American artist who took simple consumer objects and took them to the level of art. Warhol is best known for his â€Å"precise, enlarged image of Campbell’s tomato soup†(Dictionary). In the book called Andy Warhol: prince of pop written by Jan Greenberg and Sandra Jordan, they stated, â€Å"The work created by Andy Warhol elevated everyday images to art, ensuring Warhol a fame that has far outlasted the 15 minutes he predicted for everyone else. He not only produced iconic art that blended high and popular culture; he also made controversial films, starring his entourage of the beautiful and outrageous; he launched Interview, a slick magazine that continues to sell today; and he reveled in leading the vanguard of New York’s hipster lifestyle. Warhol’s rise, from poverty to wealth, from obscurity to status as a Pop icon, is an absorbing tale-one in which the American dream of fame and fortune is played out in all of its success and its excess. No artist of the late 20th century took the pulse of his time- and ours-better than Andy Warhol. † Pop Art influenced popular culture and mass media during the twentieth-century and well into the beginning of the twenty-first-century and no other artists has defined it as well as Warhol. Andy Warhol was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1928. â€Å"He was a physically and p psychologically fragile from boyhood and insecure about his freakish appearance and his homosexuality. He was emotionally hapless and sexually timid, terrified of Practically everything†( Puente). In 1945, Warhol went to Carnegie Institute of Technology where he majored in pictorial design. After college, he moved to New York City and landed a job as a commercial artist, where he worked as an illustrator for several magazines, such as Bazaar, Vogue, and the New Yorker. He also did window displays for retail stores. Throughout the 1950’s Warhol won several commendations from the Art Directors club and the American Institute of Graphic Arts and in 1952, he had his first individual show at the Hugo Gallery, showing drawings based on the writings of Truman Capote (Andy). Warhol couldn’t figure out how to break through, so he â€Å"pestered his friends and art-world contacts for ideas. For fifty dollars a gallery owner suggested the can’s of Campbell’s soup†(Puente), which is now one of his signature styles. In the 1960’s Warhol created several paintings that remain icons of the twentieth century, such has Campbell’s Soup Cans, Disasters, and Marilyn’s. Warhol also made several 16mm films, which are underground classics. In 1968, Valerie Solanis, walked into Warhol’s studio and shot him, the attack was almost fatal. Warhol focused on his paintings during the 1970’s. The artist began the 1980’s with the publication of POPism: The Warhol ‘60s and with exhibitions of portraits of Jews of the Twentieth Century and the Retrospectives and Reversal series†(Andy). After routine gall bladder surgery, Warhol died on February 22nd, 1987. Warhol is one of the most influential artist s of the twentieth century. David Horowitz states in his book, The Peoples Voice: a populist Cultural History of Modern America, that â€Å"Just as some elements of the counterculture expressed hostility to the market, pop art practitioners sought to incorporate the materials of ordinary life into painting and printmaking†(Horowitz). Realism and naturalism were new movements in America during the twentieth century, but modernism and its boost of art to a new level of self-reliance created a new art that summarized the mindset of people and not the physical description of them. Americans moved from rural areas to urban areas that embodied their social position and this was shown in modernist’s artwork. Warhol took modernism and its assumptions and altered them to his perspective. Warhol made people think what exactly is art? what is an artist? And he changed how art should be displayed. Warhol challenged the modernist perspective and became one of the most recognized artists from the century because of it. Horowitz also explained, â€Å"using commonly available media like vinyl, Plexiglas, and neon, Warhol elevated consumer objects to the level of art. The legendary figure built a cottage industry around widely disseminated silkscreen replicas of soup and soda cans and images of Marilyn Monroe, winning praise as an egalitarian commemorator of everyday life and a rebel against the elitist art establishment. † Andy Warhol has been dead for twenty-three years but his artwork is still popular everywhere. In Maria Puente’s article, â€Å"Andy Warhol is popping up all over the place† she talks about how Warhol’s pop art collections as productive as ever; â€Å"His face stares at shoppers from Gap store windows. His artwork speeds down slopes on snowboards and embellishes Levi’s jeans, Royal Elastics shoes and Diane von Furstenberg’s upcoming swimsuits. Pop culture fans sport Warhol jewelry and watches. Spritz Warhol perfumes on pulse points and hang Warhol handbags from their shoulders. Enthusiasts can even furnish their homes with Warhol- from rugs to dinner plates to bed linens. † I think that Andy Warhol changed how art was viewed in the twentieth century and his artwork has been so popular it is still an ideal most people recognize. In the twentieth century people went saw his artwork in museums and in magazines, now his artwork is on clothing items, posters, dinner plates, cards, pins, and everything you can think of. I mean on of his original self-portraits was for sale in November for over one million dollars. If one of his many self-portraits can sell for over one million dollars means his artwork had a huge impact on the culture. Andy Warhol was a leading figure in the Pop Art movement. â€Å"Campbell’s Soup Can, a later, enlarged, and isolated version of the tomato soup can, conveys the erroneous impression that Warhol was out solely to apotheosize the idiom of popular culture† (Honnef). America’s social effects were equally important to Warhol. â€Å"What made American fabulous, he once explained, was that it established a tradition in which the richest consumers basically bought the same products as the poorest. You could watch television and drink a Coca Cola and you knew the president drank Coke, Liz Taylor drank Coke, and there you were drinking Coke. A Coke was a Coke, concluded Warhol, and no amount of money could buy you a better one†(Honnef). That insight explains why Warhol set out to achieve something similar in his work of art. He used standardized production to infuse art with the â€Å"magic of the perpetually same†(Honnef). Andy Warhol enriched the world by providing us with and idol from the world of art. Warhol was an artist of his time. He was a pop artist who saw contemporary art and the art world move to a new era. Warhol was â€Å"in fact a producer of a software for a form of art which paralleled the social system†( Honnef). Warhol reacted to the challenges of his time and gave a new dimension to the world of art. His art had its subversive features, for it uncovered the hidden mechanisms of the modern industrial, the society, and it exposed connections that were normally only visible through depth. Works Cited â€Å"Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts†. March 2009. Web. 3 March 2010. . â€Å"Dictionary. com. † January 2010. Web. 24 March 2010. . Greenberg, Jan and Jordan, Sandra. Andy Warhol: Prince of Pop. New York: Delacorte Press, 2004 Honnef, Klaus. WARHOL. Taschen: 2007. Horowitz, David. The Peoples Voice: A Populist Cultural History of Modern America. Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY: Sloan Publishing, 2008. Puente, Maria. â€Å"Andy Warhol’s genius, eccentricities just ‘Po p’. † USA Today. 11 December 2009. Final ed. Puente, Maria. â€Å"Andy Warhol is popping up all over the place. † USA Today. 1 April 2008. Final ed. How to cite Andy Warhol- Pop Culture, Papers

Political Analysis free essay sample

Even though Madison whole idea f disallowing tyranny through this system is understandable, it has created a major dilemma. This allocation of power has caused a slow and time-consuming flow in the process of taking action. The fear of tyranny has caused detachment between the President and the people, and also limiting the Presidents ability to take control by giving him vague power. Alongside of these issues, there are few aspects in the structure of the US government in which makes progression at its best a far away target. There are several meaner in which we can reform these features in order to eve a fully efficient governing mechanism in which this country deserves. The United States, in its policies, indicates that it is a democracy. In my comprehension of the whole structure, I perceive that it is a republic in which the people choose representatives who decide on their own on policies and furthermore. I believe that the people of the United States would prefer and benefit more from a democratic system. A democratic system would still mean having representatives but they would be from the people to the people. They would be fully representing the people by having meetings and gatherings with them to know what they need, want, ND to be informed with their input on current issues, because after all it is they who the representatives are representing. These groups would of course be divided into governesses and even smaller categories according to each city and their communities. James Madison and some other founders argued in the federalist papers on the way the government should be constructed in which it was called separated institutions sharing powers, and the whole idea of it was in the consider of having a stronger government to avoid tyranny in which a single ruler will be in control of an absolute power in a government. As mentioned, this structure has slowed down the improvement and quick velveteen of the country. The fear of tyranny has created invisible guidelines in the Presidents performance, all in all causing disengagement between him and the people. In the papers of federalists, Madison tries to awaken the interaction of the community by establishing a large one that follows a complex government that its powers are hard to break and tyrannies, but it the majority is strong enough to stop tyranny, now can it be strong enough to stop minority. Also, if the principle of having separated institutions with sharing rowers is to provide division to ensure that ambition checks ambition then how can it have enough powers to promote commerce and unify the nation and therefore stop other powers to produce tyranny. When talking about tyranny, we of course mean the fear of the President becoming a tyrant. Therefore, the powers giving to the President are vague. This is shown in his limited control over making treaties, appointing ambassadors, ministers, Judges, and so on so forth. In order for these decisions to pass there has to be a 2/3 consent vote from the Senate; giving the President only 1/3 of the power in these situations. Even in other situations, no matter what decision he will always have the obstacle of limitation of complex government institutions with checks and balances. This system of checks and balances has on many occasions caused quarrels between the branches of government. All this limitation of powers is in great contradictory with the extreme expectations due to him having few formal powers and a lot of informal powers. His time frame of presidency is immensely constructed in regards to his role as ruler. Also, mentioning the time frame, I believe that the period in which the president has to perform is extremely short. In these four years there is not enough time for him to get accommodated not only to his position but also with his constantly changing government, where at one point he would be leading a complete government of strangers. The powers of the government institutions are considered weak because they are based on the principle of them sharing a whole power and being divided on each other. The operations of the institutions are not considered efficient or effective, and one of the major problems revolve around making certain bills laws to follow and obey; it has to start with the House of Representatives and hen pass by the House and the Senate to be finally signed by the president, and this design was intentional by the founders of the constitution and it defines the term of complexity. Furthermore, the inefficiency of having appointed Judges that might have opposing views to the contemporary society in which they will fail to fulfill the needs of that society. The Unites States government institutions are considered inefficient, ineffective and irresponsible. The consideration to substitute the constitution with a differing system is not the best solution to overcome systematic problems. To articulate, the presidential system is addressed as a differing system that is based on institutional arrangement by having the chief of executives and legislature both have fixed terms of office and neither can act without the other or shorten the terms of the other. In the presidential system, the head of state and the head of government are unified. The problem remains with the slow arrangements that will be done by the presidential system and a hint of tendency toward stalemate and inconsistent of work. This system is a supported of the Madison system that will eventually invite complexity onto constitution and government and attain a laid-back society. In order to invite back democracy into the United States institutional system, the government should be reformed. One of the ways to overcome that problem is to consider the majorities reforms in which it makes the government react and respond to the popular will. This reformation does not neglect the principle of having separated institutions controlled by sharing powers, furthermore, it agrees with Elevations in making each institution democratic and powerful. It is a way to unite the powers together by reducing the power of the senate and reducing the life terms of justices. Tyrannies president will never be an option in the majorities reforms because the community will be able to elect the president carefully, which meaner they will determine whether they are threatened by tyranny or comforted with the right decision. Too much democracy might be dangerous if only chosen to be dangerous. After all, it is only a choice that democracy offers and brilliant brains either support or neglect it. Work Cited King, R. Sullivan, J. (2005). American Politics in Global Perspective. The United States of America: Pearson Custom Publisher.

Us Foreign Policy Towards Nato Essays - NATO, North Atlantic Treaty

Us Foreign Policy Towards Nato United States Policy Towards NATO In this paper I will first explain the history of NATO and the United States policy towards it. I will then give three reasonable policy recommendations for the United States towards NATO. This is important because NATO is an organization with a very brief history but it has molded Europe and other countries and has made a safe-haven from war for the past five decades. NATO was spawn out of the Western countries of Europe fearing the expansion of the greedy, hungry Stalin of the Soviet Union which would directly lead to the expansion of communist governments. Also, ?in 1949 most of the states of Europe were still enfeebled by wartime devastation, striving for economic recovery, attempting to reestablish shattered political institutions, resettle refugees and recover from the second major upheaval in 30 years.?1 After the second world war Stalin, of the Soviet Union, started to spread his communist government to many Eastern European countries fast. Just a couple years before all of this an alliance was made between many nations called The United Nations. This is where the base idea of NATO came out of. There is a particular article in the United Nation's charter, article 51, which paved the way. Article 51 read: Nothing in the present charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a member of the United Nations, until the security council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defense shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security.2 So, armed with this article, ten European countries turned to the United States and Canada to draft a pledge of mutual security and on April 4, 1949, they all met in Washington to sign the North Atlantic Treaty. The fear that created this alliance could not better be seen than in Winston Churchill's, prime minister of Great Britain, telegram to President Truman saying: ?An iron curtain is being drawn down upon their(Soviet Union) front. We do not know what is going on behind. . .?3 With this quote from the British Prime Minister we could see that the biggest fear was the fear itself of not knowing what was going on in the Soviet Union. The North Atlantic Treaty consisted of 14 articles in which I will now briefly explain to help you understand what this treaty entailed. First off, the whole purpose of this treaty was to ?prevent aggression or to repel it, should it occur.?4 It provided for the continuous cooperation and consultation in political, economic and military fields and had an indefinite duration. Every member who was a part of this treaty signed to express their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all governments. All of this was just reaffirming their faith in the principles of the United Nations. The first article defines the basic principles that member countries should follow to keep the peace and world security. The second article was an inspiration from the first article of the United Nations Charter. This article defines the aims for the member nations to pursue and the obligations they have. The third article is a statement that the signatories will do all they can to resist attack. The fourth article calls for consultation from all members if one of the members feels that they are threatened. The fifth article is the core of the treaty and states that if one of the member countries is attacked all other members will see it as an attack on each and all of them. The sixth article defines the area that the provisions in article five apply. Article seven and eight the member nations stipulate that none of their other international commitments conflict with the North Atlantic treaty and that any commitments they make in the future won't conflict with the treaty as well. Under article nine a council is created in which each member is represented. Article ten provides for any other European country to

James Douglas Morrison essays

James Douglas Morrison essays In 1768, west of Philadelphia there was a man named Cornish McManus. He was in a gunsmith business. He was thirty-five years old and had been an apprentice and then an assistant to a master gunsmith, his name was John Waynewright. Cornish was a good artist. While the time working for John Waynewright Cornish never got to do anything special to the rifles. Later on Cornish opened his own business. He was doing well. One day a customer came in with his daughter. It was love at first sight. They eventually got married. She was pregnant with a baby. That meant he had to work harder to support them. One day Cornish saw this peace of wood in his pile. As soon as he saw it he thought of making a sweet rifle. A sweet rifle is a rifle that looks so artistic and shoots so accurate. He spent months and months on it. He would stay up all night in the candle light just to do it. That is part of the reasons it took him so long. Finally he was done. He went outside and shot at a log three times. He went down and checked the log. There was only one hole in the log. He thought to himself, that is impossible. He checked it again and there was three bullets in one hole. He was getting low on money and supplies. So he was forced to sell the rifle. He sold it to a guy named John Byam. Byam set off into the woods. He met up with British soldiers. They were just going to hang a man when Byam shot one of the soldiers. When the horse the man was sitting on heard the shot and ran out from underneath the man. The man died. The soldiers shot at him. One of them hit his horse. So he grabbed the sattle and got on his carrying horse. They went about a mile and came to a ravine. Cornishs horse made it cause it was so strong. The britishes horses all fell and broke there legs. Cornish met up with these green coated men. they surrounded him. They were good ...

Non-standard English and the New Tribalism

Non-standard English and the New Tribalism Non-standard English and the New Tribalism Non-standard English and the New Tribalism By Maeve Maddox Dave Frohnmayer, President Emeritus of the University of Oregon, defines the New Tribalism as, the growth of a politics based upon narrow concerns, rooted in the exploitation of divisions of class, cash, gender, region, religion, ethnicity, morality and ideology, a give-no-quarter and take-no-prisoners’ activism that demands satisfaction and accepts no compromise. I believe that much of the misuse of standard English that we are witnessing is linked to the New Tribalism. Nonstandard English is a tribal marker. Consciously or unconsciously, speakers who have been taught standard grammar and word formation, but persist in saying or writing such stuff as, Me and my friends play video games. They invited my wife and I. The detour effected our plan’s. Your my best friend. I’ll definately be their. do it because they identify with a group that feels that the use of standard speech does not reflect who they are. In the first half of the 20th century, when not every child had the opportunity to progress all the way through high school, learning to speak a standard dialect in addition to one’s home dialect was not seen as an optional by-product of education. The teaching of standard grammar, pronunciation, and spelling was one of public education’s major goals. Standard English was seen as a passport to a job in a bank or an office or a high class department store. It was a goal that ambitious young people mastered before having to leave school at the age of 13 or 14. Two interviews in a documentary about life in the 1930s and 1940s illustrate the change that has taken place in U.S. educational outcomes since the early 20th century. One of the interview subjects was a white man who grew up on an isolated farm and attended a one-room school house. The other subject was a black man who grew up in a poor neighborhood in Chicago. I can’t say with certainty, but I’d guess both grew up speaking nonstandard dialects at home. In the interviews, both men spoke standard English. They spoke with regional accents and inflections, but neither man made the pronoun and verb errors that are so common these days. In the 1940s, only about 50% of the school population graduated from high school. The other half did well to complete eighth grade. Nowadays, school attendance is compulsory to the age of 16 in nineteen states, 17 in eleven states, and 18 in twenty states. Mastery of English grammar seems to have dwindled as time spent in school has increased. A lot of critics blame the modern plague of sloppy English on texting and computer use. I don’t buy that. Texting and Twitterspeak are dialects in their own right. They operate under their own sets of rules. There’s no reason an excellent texter can’t also be an excellent writer of standard English. Doctors may talk about â€Å"phalanges† at a medical conference, but they talk about â€Å"fingers† and â€Å"toes† to their patients. The toughest punk on the street corner probably doesn’t go home and address his mother as â€Å"Yo, Bitch!† Most speakers instinctively shape their language to suit their listeners and readers. When native speakers pass through eight or more years of formal instruction without mastering standard English, something psychological is going on. Certainly there are other contributing factors, but I’m convinced that a great part of the problem is a fear of tribal rejection. What standard English needs is a lobby, like the ones that exist to fight bullying and domestic abuse. It needs well-funded activists and celebrity spokesmen urging young people to say â€Å"My friends and I play video games.† It needs more employers like Kyle Wiens, iFixit CEO and founder of Dozuki. He requires all job applicants to pass a grammar test before interviewing them for a job of any kind. Says Wiens, Grammar signifies more than just a person’s ability to remember high school English. I’ve found that people who make fewer mistakes on a grammar test also make fewer mistakes when they are doing something completely unrelated to writing - like stocking shelves or labeling parts. Now, as in the 1940s, the ability to speak and write a standard form of English is the ticket to a better life. Even if tribal identity requires speaking a distinctive dialect within the group, the ability to speak and write a standard form of English can be a great social equalizer. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing LightDoes "Mr" Take a Period?How to Send Tactful Emails from a Technical Support Desk

Precis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Precis - Article Example From the reports, the powerful hurricane caused extensive destruction to communities3. This revealed the inadequacies in federal, state and local preparedness for response to such events. The implication of this surprised many people because of the difficulty that the world’s richest and most powerful nation experienced in effectively managing a disaster that its occurrence had been predicted4. It is also true that predominant international communities were generous and were involved in donations and offers of aid in order to support such devastation. The failure to manage an event predicted accordingly is satire of the US government diplomacy disaster management5. This has generated various forms of conflict worldwide. Therefore the Katrina case study provides an opportunity for examining how disaster –related activities can or cannot yield diplomatic gains6. This induces an international cooperation among countries that have traditionally been

Physical Characteristics and Feeding Habits of Greater Flamingo Research Paper

Physical Characteristics and Feeding Habits of Greater Flamingo - Research Paper Example Male attain the full size at the age of one and a half to two years (Whitehouse 2003). Male greater flamingo is slightly bigger in size and therefore weighs more than their female counterparts. Greater flamingo wingspan stretches from 140 to 165cm. Coloration Greater flamingos are pink in color. Red and pink coloration of their feathers are said to be derived from carotenoids which form substantial portion of their diet. Algae and shrimps are rich in carotenoids which after synthesis give the red-pink coloration of the feathers. Flamingo metabolic system is efficient in breaking down the labile compounds found in carotenoids. The coloration for the male and female greater flamingo is same and with the young chicks displaying gray or white feather coloration after hatching. As the chicks grow, they attain grayish feather coloration. P.r.roseus legs and feet are pink-red in color (Johnson & Ce?zilly 2007). Appendages (legs, feet, neck and wings) The legs are longer than their body for mature greater flamingo with the ankle situated about half way up the leg. Their knee is located adjacent to the body and it is normally invisible from outside. Their feet have the three frontward pointing toes and one backward toe also known as hallux. Their toes are webbed to help them with swimming and stirring up food. The greater flamingo legs and feet have the same coloration (Romeu 2004). Their wing span stretches about 140-165 cm with 12 primary flight feathers positioned on either wing. Flight feathers are black in coloration and are normally visible during flight when the wings are stretched. Flamingos are known to have about 19 long cervical bones; this gives them the elongated and winding look. The morphology of the neck allows for greatest movement and twisting of the neck. The head ha eye positioned on both sides. For adult greater flamingo, the eye color is yellow while for juveniles they are white in colour for the first year of growth. Adult greater flamingo is blac k a black bill. The bill has a filter feeding adaptation. The upper and lower mandibles are tilted downwards just after the nostril. Greater flamingo’s upper mandible is light and acts as a cover to the lower one which is large and is like a trough. This allows them to feed on large food particles such as shrimps, brine flies and other molluscs. The exterior part of the bill has tooth-like ridges which help in filtering food particles from water. There are two rows of hair-like or comb-like structures called lamellae on both the upper and lower mandibles. When the two mandibles come together, they form mesh like structure which helps in trapping food particles. P.r.roseus’ tongue is fleshy and large with bristle to allow it filter water and food particles from the lamellae (Whitehouse 2003). Feathers The principal flight feathers are 12 and are situated on either wing. The feathers are easily distinguished from other because they are black and are easily seen during fl ight when the wings are fully stretched. Tail feathers range from 12 to 16 in number. Moulting of the body and wing feathers occur at irregular interval and linked to their breeding series. The greater flamingo whole body is covered by contour feathers leaving out legs and feet which help in protecting the skin from damage and also streamline the body before flight. They spend close to a quarter of

Lockheed Martin Exercise Essay Example for Free

Lockheed Martin Exercise Essay Question 1: The Lockheed Martin website gives the impression that this company strives to make ethics a top priority among its employees. Lockheed has successfully integrated marketing ethics throughout its corporate culture by instituting mandatory ethics training sessions. The company requires that employees make every effort to attend in-person training; however Lockheed makes online training available to those who are unable to attend to live training. This ensures that each and every employee has the opportunity to attend the ethics training session. In addition to having training sessions and requiring employees to acknowledge their completion of the course, Lockheed also has a clearly defined code of conduct, and the company expressly states its vision and values. The message of â€Å"doing what’s right,† respecting others, and doing the very best job possible are often repeated on the corporate website. The website also lists numerous additional links and resources for employees’ use. Question 2: The current ethical minute series does seem like it would be effective in establishing an ethical culture because the videos present realistic scenarios. First, the videos describe the ethical issue along with potential consequences. Next, the characters experience a conflict in the workplace, and they must decide whether they should follow the company’s procedure and possibly face negative consequences, or simply let the incident go unreported. The video shows the characters as they go through a thought process that is very similar to the way a real Lockheed employee might react. Overall, the video series appears to be effective because it presents ethical issues to employees in a way that is informative, entertaining, and the many employees will likely understand and relate to the message that is being delivered. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Question 1: R. J Reynolds must make many considerations when formulating a marketing strategy. The company’s website indicates that the information that has been released on health risks related to tobacco use is a large concern. The website seems to reflect that the company feels obligated to state that individuals who have ceased using tobacco and those who have never started should avoid tobacco products. There is also a statement that minors should not use tobacco under any circumstances (including exposure to secondhand smoke) and that tobacco is harmful and no tobacco product has been deemed safe. The company also states that individuals should rely on statements by the Surgeon General and the CDC when making decisions about tobacco use. These statements reflect pressure from governmental agencies and outside groups to inform the public about the serious health risks that are associated with tobacco. The company also mentions that tobacco use should be allowed in adult venues. This indicates that the company feels that recent trends in smoking regulation are unfair and far too strict and are counterproductive to the business interests of tobacco companies. Question 2: R. J. Reynolds Company has used the negative impact that increased health concerns have had on the company to portray itself as a morally and socially responsible. Not only does the website convey information about health risks, but the company also uses changes in smoking regulation laws as a basis to encourage political activism, as stated on the Smoker’s Rights page. The media page also shows that the company has made large donations to community causes. These actions serve to portray the tobacco company as socially responsible and positive, though the company sells a product that has a negative impact on health and has consequently come under fire as a result.

Tactical Games Model: A Practical Approach To Skill Development Essay

The Tactical Games Model is a form of instruction in Physical Education courses that the teacher uses to incorporate sport related activities and small games into their lesson plan to improve students' experiences in sports games and tactical awareness provided from them. The purpose of having the Tactical Games Model in physical education courses are to help students learn the basics of a sports game, like soccer or basketball, and let them figure out, through experience, the ways to improve themselves in a setting where their actions will be critical to their teams victory, as well as help learn what their strengths and weaknesses are themselves and self-improve afterwards. Throughout sport, any game comes down to tactical strategy that two competitive teams have to use to gain the advantage over their opponents to win their game. The basic foundation to any game is the tactics one uses to gain advantage over competitors, and students will be able to learn a lot about themselves, and their peers, when using these tactics to work for eachother, and themselves, throughout a match. A great game to use as an example on how tactical games models should be used to benefit your students is soccer. The general set-up that a physical education teacher should use is: 1. Game One 2. Questions & Answers - (Students and yourself) 3. Situated Practice - Ex. 3v3 possession drills 4. Game 2 This plan helps students realize self-awareness in soccer that could help improve themselves as well as help benefit the team all together. Game one introduces the students to the rules of the game, and the foundation of how the game is played, like you use your feet to kick the ball, you pass between eachother to kick the ball into the net to score... ...ment, challenge, self-expression and social interaction. These values can only benefit the students, whom have the open-mind to use these experiences to influen Works Cited "15 Standards of Specialized Knowledge." Adapted Physical Education National Standards. N.p., 2008. Web. 22 Mar. 2014. . Logan, Gene A. Adapted Physical Education. Dubuque, IA: W.C. Brown, 1971. Print. Masters, Lowell F., Allen A. Mori, and Ernest K. Lange. Adapted Physical Education: A Practitioner's Guide. Rockville, MD: Aspen Systems, 1983. Print. NCLDA. "What Is IDEA?" National Center for Learning Disabilities. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2014.. "PE Central: Adapted Physical Education." PE Central. N.p., 2014. Web. 22 Mar. 2014. .

Hershey Foods Corporation Essay

Suggested Discussion Questions: 3. Based on your valuation of HFC, do you feel it was fairly valued by the market before the announcement of the sale? Are the Nestle–Cadbury Schweppes and Wrigley bids fair to their own shareholders (i.e., what needs to happen in order for these bids to create value for the bidding companies)? I think that Hershey’s Foods Corporation was fairly valued by the market before the announcement of the sale. I think that many of the shareholders were not happy with the selling because it tied into the community. I think the shareholders knew that it was a good idea because they would make more money and be able to diversify the company from their sale. I do not think that Nestle-Cadbury Scweppes and Wrigley bids are fare to their shareholders because I do not think that they are getting as much say as they should within the company. In order for these bids to create more value for the bidding companies I believe the company needs to diversify. I think their best option would be stock repurchase. This would allow the to have less stocks outstanding and make the company more profitable. Final Case Exam Questions: 1. What is the nature of Wrigley’s business? Is this a healthy, growing company? What would a major recapitalization of Wrigley signal to investors? (15 points) 2. What will be the effect of issuing $3 billion in new debt and using the proceeds to repurchase shares on:(a)Wrigley’s market value per share? (15points) (b)Wrigley’s number of outstanding shares (15 points)? (c)Wrigley’s book value and market value of equity (15 points)? 3. Would book value and market value weights change as a result of the recapitalization? (10 points) 4. What is Wrigley’s WACC before the repurchase? (15 points) 5. What will be the new WACC if the repurchase is undertaken? (15 points)

Google Inc: Swot Analysis

Google Inc. : SWOT analysis Introduction: Google was started as a research project by two Stanford PhD students named Sergey Brin and Larry page. They registered the domain name google. com in the year 1997 and in September 1998, it became a privately owned incorporate Google Inc. With its extensive research on search algorithms and use of state of the art technology, Google successfully established its brand name in internet search engines market. By the year 2004, Google came up covering over 75% of US web search market. Though Google is a dominating player in internet searching market, it has to compete with its rivals in this field where there is no long time entry barrier. Google can expand / change its business model to survive in this best search engine race. SWOT Analysis:* Strengths:* †¢ Google – Already number one search engine has established a brand name, in which its users trust. It’s dependable, reliable and fast. †¢ Google needs very little end user marketing as the name itself is getting word by mouth publicity. Google has a simple interface and it gives comprehensive results without confusing its users. †¢ Google has low operation cost as it uses low cost UNIX web servers for indexing millions of web pages across internet. †¢ Google has hired PhDs who are continuously working hard in order to enhance search algorithms and make searching faster, efficient and relevant. †¢ By 2003, Google has already powered over 75% of the 300 million searches cond ucted daily in the U. S. and 300 million plus outside the U. S. Google provides an interface to 88 languages to make it comfortable to search for its users in different countries. †¢ Google uses state of the art search technology to index pages regularly in order to give most updated results to its users. †¢ Google also weights the votes and ranks web pages with its PageRank technology to give its user access to most important pages first. †¢ Google is not biased towards advertisers. It clearly separates relevant advertisements and actual results by giving â€Å"Sponsored Links† tag to sponsored results when user searches to get information with some keyword. Moreover, it also ranks sponsored links to keep most relevant sponsored links on the top. †¢ Google offers localized search called â€Å"search by location† where users can get results showing vendors, products and services nearby their areas. †¢ Google also has a range of innovative additional services like Images, Groups, Directory, and News. Google didn’t complicate its website by making itself a portal; rather it kept tabs for these services on its homepage so users can easily navigate and that also keeps the website as simple as it was earlier. Google has also come up with solutions for wireless handheld devices, personalized toolbars, catalogues which are added essence strengths. †¢ Google quickly routes the user to the webpage and doesn’t linger for ad revenue. *Weaknesses:* †¢ Many spammers manipulate Google’s ranking technology by creating dummy sites with thousands of links to pages that they wanted Google to rank highly. â₠¬ ¢ Google’s link based ranking did not employ actual traffic analysis. Google’s Cost Per Click advertising charging and ranking policy is confusing and makes it difficult for marketers to predict where their ads would be positioned and how much they would cost. †¢ Google’s contextual advertising was perceived by marketers to be less effective in generating sales because visitors to web pages showing editorial content were less likely than searchers to be ready to buy. †¢ Contextual search algorithms are not 100% perfect and many times make mistakes. Google’s localized search algorithms too sometimes result in errors due to automated indexing. †¢ Google’s business model is complex, depending upon both google. com and mass market portals for its revenue. †¢ Although Google is a dominating player among search engine websites, only 50% to 65% of web search queries are answered accurately by it. †¢ Google doesn’t have â €Å"sticky† like Yahoo! And MSN have which can attract users. †¢ Google doesn’t have highly personalized search by which it could charge users with switching cost if they decide to leave Google’s services.

Peer Pressure Essays - Youth, Habits, Management, Peer Pressure

Peer Pressure Essays - Youth, Habits, Management, Peer Pressure Peer Pressure Peer Pressures of High School Glaring down at the reddish glow coming from the tip of the cigarette, I found out that I was in a peer pressure situation. Peer Pressure can be a huge problem for some young adults. It can sometimes be positive, but most of the time its negative and destructive. Smoking is just one of the peer pressures someone can go through. Alcohol and staying out late can also be huge peer pressures in high school. I know this because I have experienced them for myself. Drinking, smoking and staying out late were constant peer pressures throughout my high school career. Looking down at the cigarette and being encouraged by my friend to take a hit off of it, I knew that smoking was not something I wanted to do at that time in my life. Although smoking wasnt a huge peer pressure for me, it can be for others. Some of my friends did give into the pressure and are now addicted to cigarettes, and wish they hadnt give in to that peer pressure in high school. I would have say that during high school, smoking was the most persistent peer pressure. It was at every party and gathering. Although it was there all the time sometimes alcohol would rear its ugly head at some of the parties. Drinking was probably the most dangerous peer pressure. It was extremely illegal for an underage adult to be caught drinking during this time. I never experienced this peer pressure during high school because I didnt hang around those types of people during that time. They were the types of people who didnt think it was a party unless there was alcohol involved. I have seen drinking totally deteriorate people, because it got the best of them. Some of my friends totally changed after they started drinking. At first it was just a social thing to do at parties, but then lead on to drinking during their spare time. It affected their grades and their overall behavior. I do think this was the most dangerous peer pressure in high school, but there was always the pressure to stay out late. Staying out late was a peer pressure I gave into on several occasions during high school. I know it affected my grades many times, and also made me late for school more than once. In high school you could always spot the students who stayed out late. Those students were always the ones falling asleep in class. When I was hanging around with the ones who never did stay out late, I always got to school on time and never fell asleep in class. Peer pressure was not impossible to resist in high school. I found out in order to keep you away from certain peer pressures just stay away from those who you knew would try to influence you. Resisting peer pressure is all in whom you go out with, and whom you call your friends. Peer pressure cannot be totally avoided, but staying away from situations where you know a peer pressure situation will occur, will help your odds.

Free sample - The Clash. translation missing

The Clash. The ClashIntroduction Aesthetics is a philosophy that was concerned with the nature of art work and criteria of artistic art work. A clash in art work refers to noise that is produced when doing art work or bad objects which result from aesthetic work. In art work creativity and symbolic aspect of an object is considered.   Clash between aesthetics and function The clash between aesthetics and function has become an issue in architecture beyond reasonable doubt. The work of art including ceramics, textiles and art furniture was an architect designed modernist for apartments in early 1960s and 1970s.This was marked as the time when people had experience on design work based on social, civic and cultural significance. But nowadays, architecture work has changed because building aesthetic achievement has been left out from its real function. The work of artist architecture at present depends on clients; target consumer needs and products at consumer prices but contain professional grade functionality (Shiner 2003). The constructions of modern architectures are important in art museum though they incur challenges when relating with aesthetic and function museum designs. Art museum is a challenge because it needs a lot of art work in every stage of production. The category of art museum represent type of structures either explicitly created to commemorate important events like churches and civic buildings. Art itself has an important function which people admire and tour especially places like museums which have exiting features. The clash between aesthetic and function has totally changed for a decade ago. At that time many contemporary artists produced long and thoughtful observation products that were meant for spiritual purposes. For instance temporary exhibitions and installations were less designed as neutral containers for permanent works than areas of interactive experience (Shiner 2003). Conclusion The art of historical past and present has caused a clash in aesthetic work. The contemporary issues involved opposed conceptions of what social workers of art and modern artists have done. Different views between past and present art workers were raised in consideration of aesthetic and function thus continuing causing trouble in studio crafts. Reference list Shiner, L. (2003).The Invention of Art: A Cultural History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Negotiation Agent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Negotiation Agent - Essay Example One of the things that I did well in this negotiation was to frame the negotiations in a way that ensured a fair outcome for both parties involved. To gain the trust of Fred, I said that Mike and Rachel would have to pay more rent between the two of them than he would have to pay himself because their room was larger than his. This was important because it put me in a position where both of the parties would listen to my opinion. After this, I brought up a point on which there would be easy agreement, namely the payment of the utility bills. It was agreed that each person would pay equally for all utilities. I feel that this was a good thing to do early in the negotiation, to get them agreeing and working together before negotiating on the rent itself. When I brought up the rent, Fred made an offer to pay $250 in rent, which would leave the remaining $450 for Mike and Rachel to split. I told him that I thought $250 seemed too low since he would have his own room, which wouldn't be mu ch smaller than the master bedroom. Then I asked Mike what he thought was a fair price and he said he wasn't sure. This was when the negotiation became somewhat awkward, since I felt I needed to represent Mike's interests, but I also didn't want to lose Fred's trust.

Changes in Public Speaking from Ancient Greece to Modernity Research Paper

Changes in Public Speaking from Ancient Greece to Modernity - Research Paper Example While crowds today may reach into the billions, speakers today are equipped with microphones, television, internet, and radio to reach the people. In Greece, the speaker not only had to have the passion for his subject but also had to have the ability to remember long quotes and ideas and to be able to amplify their voice for a long enough time to get their ideas across. Today, speakers can depend on note cards and prepared speeches, while Greeks had to rely solely on their memories. Today, unlike then, speakers are also not required to write their own speeches, and in fact, may not know the material until they step in front of a microphone. Effective speaking requires that the speaker be clear in what they are saying, and look and act convincingly. Eye movement, gesturing, even the subtle shifts of the person talking are all subject to interpretation by the listeners. While the movement of the speaker has mattered throughout history, it is only contemporarily that it can be shown, again and again, allowing an endless reinterpretation of meaning. Speaking before recording allowed the speaker to speak with passion, and while mistakes were still not desired, they were more forgivable. A grammatical mistake, for example, would be corrected in the speech was actually written down. Today, those same errors are lauded over the speaker and are used as ways to discredit them. Greeks did not permit women to speak publicly, and also had a unique way of stopping people who were not interesting enough. If the speaker lost the attention of the people, they were physically dragged off of the stage by the watchers. Today, we are required to sit politely by and let them finish out their speech or change the channel on the television. Public speaking was one of the most important skills an Athenian had. According to Nancy Harper: For many years, the Athenian could not hire a professional to speak for him in court. Each Athenian jury consisted of several hundred persons, and the citizen, whether the accuser or the accused, had to use his ability as a public speaker to persuade a majority of the jury to believe in his side of the case. Because lawsuits were common in Athens, legal speaking became the central concern of early communication instruction. (Warren 2)

Strategies for People Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategies for People Management - Essay Example There have been numerous research efforts in this area and a lot of organizations are devising strategies aimed at bringing more women into the upper levels of workforce. In its response to the DTI consultation on productivity indicators, the EOC has submitted that, â€Å"The achievement of gender equity is central to the three key elements of economic growth – an increased labour supply; flexibility, so as to be able to adjust to new growth opportunities; and rewarding workers according to their performance and skills.† (http://www.eoc.org.uk). Our main aim in HR terms is the recruitment, retention and development of the very best and creative staff and to provide them high quality support to strengthen our strategy of maintaining the cutting edge of functional ability. The challenge we presently face in HR is to maintain our present staff strength so that we can sustain our present momentum and stay ahead of our competitors. The shortage of skilled workforce is the main problem in UK and within the next years the position is likely to get worse rather than improve. The factors of aging, migration to other jobs, disparity between staff etc are some of the key issues that may serve the create shortage of manpower in our organisation. While we recognise that women constitute a proportionate portion of our research staff , photographers, copy writers, editors etc and do play a key role in delivering our overall strategic aims, their numbers in the middle and senior level executives are much less than their male counterparts. Our strategy, therefore, must reinforce the importance we attach in achieving equality of representation of both genders in the higher echelons of staff structure. Our present strategy is primarily focused on recruitment and retention, reward and recognition, training, learning and development, action to tackle poor performance, review of staffing needs. While our efforts in the area of reward, recognition

Segmental Features Between Arabic And English

Segmental Features Between Arabic And English This assignment is a complement to the first assignment titled as comparative and contrastive description of segmental features between the Arabic and English languages. In this assignment, differently, the light will be shed on comparative and contrastive description of suprasegmental features between the above-mentioned languages. Ellery, et al. (1995) indicated that features of spoken languages which are not identified as discrete segments are variously referred as prosodic features, non- segmental features or suprasegmental features (p.327). Ellery, et al. (1995) also stated that prosody refers to prosodic features of speech, namely, tone, stress, intonation and others. Thus, three prosodic features will be discussed to show the similarities and differences between English and Arabic. Besides, the focus will be shifted to identifying the problems the Arab learners often face in learning English in terms of prosody. 1-Arabic 1.1 Syllable Structure Reima (2007) stated that Arabic language has three syllable types. These are summarized as follows: 1- Super heavy syllables CVVC CVCC. The super heavy syllable consists of one consonant immediately followed by one or two vowels and end in one or two consonants as in: 2- Heavy syllables CVC CVV. The heavy syllable consists of one consonant immediately followed by one or two vowels as in: 3- Light syllable: CV. The light syllable consists of a consonant immediately followed by one short vowel as in: Reima (2007) asserted that formation of syllables is regular in the Arabic language. In addition, it is not typical to find any syllable in the Arabic language starts with V or CC. 1.2 Stress According to Reima (2007) Watson (2007) the Arabic language has three word stress levels. These are the primary, secondary and weak levels. Swan Smith (2001), Reima (2007) indicated that stress in the Arabic language is predictable and regular. In other words, one can predict or determine the stress of the Arabic words. Swan Smith (2001) stated that Arab learners face difficulty in predicting stress in the English language, particularly in word stress. The difficulty of grasping word stress in English may result in altering the meaning of the word. For instance, a learner may pronounce the verb (convict) as the noun (convict) where the stress position is completely different. Reima (2007) summarized the Arabic stress as follows: 1- If a word contains one super heavy syllable or more, stress falls on the last super heavy syllable as in: 2- If a word contains heavy and light syllables, stress falls on the heavy syllable before the final syllable (nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ final heavy syllable) as in: 3- If a word contains light syllables, stress falls on the first syllable as in: 4- If a word is a present or a past verb, stress falls on the first syllable as in: 5- If a word is a masculine or feminine Arabic noun, stress falls on the second syllable as in: 1.3 Intonation According to Swan Smith (2001) Arabic and English have closely similar intonation patterns, especially in meaning and contour. Reima (2007) summarized the Arabic stress as follows: 1- In Arabic, falling intonation is used at the end of: Declarative statements: the voice starts on amid pitch, rises slightly on the last stressed syllable and drop to a low pitch at the end as in: In commands as in: In Whà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ questions: voice is high in stressed syllable and falls quickly to mid pitch for the rest of the sentence as in: 2- In Arabic, risingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ falling intonation is normally used at the end of: Yesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ no questions as in: In utterances containing an element of protest or surprise: voice is flat, no rise no fall as in: In vocatives as in: In requests: the voice rises and falls somewhat, with an optional pause as in: 1.4 Rhythm In speech, rhythm has been defined as an effect involving the isochronous recurrence of some type of speech unit (Pike (1945), Abercrombie (1967), Bloch (1950). Dauer (1983) argued that the perception of different types of rhythm has mainly to do with differences in syllable structure, vowel reduction and types of stress. As to Arabic, according to Barkat et al. (1999) Arabic and its various dialects are all stress-timed. Based on the articles I have read, there is a consensus among researchers that Arabic listeners make use of speech rhythm to distinguish between speakers. For instance, Barkat et al. (1999) revealed that speakers of Arabic, due to rhythm, can distinguish between speakers of Arabic from North Africa and speakers living in the Middle East. Many studies have been conducted on Arabic rhythm. One of the important findings is the highness if vocalic intervals in the eastern Arabic dialects such as Palestine than western Arabic dialects such as Tunisia. 2-English 2.1 Syllable Structure According to Deterding poedjosoedarmo (1998) the distinction between light and heavy syllables can be helpful in predicting stress in English. The former contains a diphthong and/or several consonants in the coda while the latter contains a single short vowel. Heavy syllables tend to be stressed and light ones tend not to be stressed. The relationship between syllables and stress is extremely related. Deterding poedjosoedarmo (1998) argued there are not pure rules that help learners accurately predict stress placement in multisyllabic words; however, knowing the syllable structures- heavy and light syllables may solve the problem and prove useful. All in all, understanding stress rules in English entails understanding syllable structures first. English words are different in terms of the number of syllables. Some contain one, or two. Some may contain three or four. Some examples are provided below: 2.2 Stress Chomsky and Halle (1968) suggested that stress, like the Arabic language within English words is predictable, and several sets of complex rules have been proposed for predicting stress. Stress is very important in English as it is a major feature that distinguishes certain pairs of words. According to Christophersen (1996), English has the following stress rules: The great majority of twoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ syllable words are stressed on the first syllable, e.g.: A number of words have two different stress patterns according to whether they are verbs or nouns, adjectives or verbs e.g.: Noticeably, nouns and adjectives are stressed on the first syllable while verbs are given stress on the second syllable. According to Deterding poedjosoedarmo (1998) derivational suffixes ca be classified into three types: stress-preserving, stress-attracting and stress-shifting. The first type does not change stress placement in words such as -ful, as in wonder/ wonderful. The second type receives primary stress such as -ee, as in employ/ emplyee. The last type make the stress shift such as -ive, as in reflex/ reflexive. The analysis of suffixation on stress placement is outlined below: When a suffix is added to a word, the new form is stressed on the syllable as was the basic word, e.g.: words ending in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ tion , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ sion , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ic , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ical, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ity , almost always have primary stress on the syllable preceding the ending , e.g. : If a word ending in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ate or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ment has only two syllables, the stress falls on the last syllable if the word is a verb, but on the first syllable if the word is a noun or an adjective. When stressed , the ending is pronounced [eÉ ªt], [mÉâ„ ¢nt] ; when unstressed, it is pronounced [ t], [mÉâ„ ¢nt], e.g. : If a word ending in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ate, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ment has more than two syllables, the main stress will fall on the third syllable from the end. In verbs, the final syllable is pronounced [eÉ ªt] , [mÉâ„ ¢nt]; in nouns it is pronounced [ t], [mÉâ„ ¢nt] , e.g.: Stress placement is also affected by compounding. When two roots are combined to produce new words, the resulting word is called a compound (Deterding poedjosoedarmo 1998 (p. 100). The rules are summarized below: compound nouns have a primary stress on the first component, e.g.: In compound verbs, the primary stress falls on the second component, e.g.: In the intensiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ reflexive pronouns, the stronger accent falls on the last syllable ,e.g.: Numbers ending in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ teen may receive primary stress on either syllable, e.g.: In words ending in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ion, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ sive, the stress falls on the last vowel before the ending .e.g.: The majority of English compounds have single stress .e.g.: All compounds with a present participle, as the first element, have a single stress, e.g.: A double stress is used in compounds of two nouns, if the first noun indicates the material of which or with which the second is made, e. g.: A double stress is used in compounds that have two nouns, each noun indicates a distinct characteristic of the same person or thing, e.g. : In most sentences, some words are more important than others and we indicate this by the way we stress or unstress them. The following words are usually unstressed: articles: a, an, the, prepositions such as at etc. personal pronouns such as I etc. possessive adjectives such as my etc. relative pronouns such as who etc. conjunctions such as and etc. The following words are usually stressed: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, demonstrative interrogatives, e.g.: He shall send it to you. She cooks three meals each day. In an hour, he will be ready to send it. This new car is to be barked here. 2.3 Intonation Roach (2001) pointed out that intonation is difficult to define. Generally, intonation is the melody of speech and is to be analyzed in terms of variations of pitch. It is known that intonation can indicate different types of utterances, such as statements, questions, commands, attitudes and emotions of the speaker. Reima (2007) summarized the intonation rules as follows: A) In English, risingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ falling intonation is normally used at the end of: Simple statements of facts (declarative statements), e.g.: Commands: Questions which begin with an interrogative word, i.e., B) In English, rising intonation is normally used in the following cases: At the end of yesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ no questions: In requests: C) In utterances containing an element of protest or surprise: 2.3 Rhythm English, with an alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables, is obviously stress-timed. Deterding poedjosoedarmo (1998) stated that rhythm is important in English because many cases of miscommunication can be attributed to failure to interpret familiar words as they are uttered with an unfamiliar rhythm pattern. For example, the speaker may say talking to themselves stressing on talk and them. If a native speaker hears these words, he will misunderstand the words and interpret them as taking to damsels. So, the unexpected rhythm pattern contributed to misunderstanding. As stated above, English words may contain one or more syllables. These words contain syllables (stressed) that are louder, clearer than others (unstressed). Gilbert (1984) believed that the combination of these stressed and unstressed syllables results in the rhythm found in English words. This combination also shows the strength, length and pitch of syllables. Moreover, sentences in English, like words, have r hythm. Dauer, (1993) argued that if one wants to have good sentence rhythm, she/he needs to know how to join syllables together into larger unites besides the clear difference between stressed and unstressed syllables. Problems in learning English in terms of prosody Arab learners find it easy to grasp the predictable word stress in their language; however, they face problems in grasping the unpredictable nature of English word stress. Sentence rhythm is alike in both languages so that Arab learners avoid contracted forms and elision when they read loudly. As a result, heavy staccato rhythm can be found in their reading. Regarding intonation, Swan Smith (2001) found out that Arab learners tend to intone, reducing intonation to a low fall at the ends of phrases and sentences. According to Rababah, (2002) Arab learners face problems that are related to stress, intonation and other features of prosody due to some difference in pronunciation between the two languages. English word pattern with (-ism) suffix receive their stress on the antepenultimate or pre- antepenultimate syllable, but they never receive it on the penultimate or final syllable. Quite contrary to this, in the pronunciation of the Arab learners of English, it is often noticed that stress in such word patterns tend to be consistently shifted to the penultimate (before the final) syllable. According to Ryan Meara (1999) Arab learners confuse English words due to the number of syllables and the shift of stress syllables as in the following example:

A Career as a Pharmacist Essay -- Career Research

The flow of the medical community is dependent on every person employed there. The harmony it creates does not only come from the doctors or nurses, but the janitors, surgeons, receptionists, and even the pharmacists. Each job is necessary in order for the hospitals to function properly; for instance, the doctors diagnose the patient with their illness, prescribe them medication to cure it, and send them to the pharmacist, who then gives them their medication and sends them home. However, some jobs are overlooked more than others and do not receive the proper credit, like the pharmacist. Pharmacists are recognized for dispensing and sorting drugs, but their jobs help educate patients over their prescription and uphold the balance in the medical community. When young adults are challenged to pick a career, particularly in the medical field, most do not think of becoming a pharmacist. This low key career started with apothecaries, people who used botany and chemistry to help cure people. Unfortunately, their practice helped cure little to no patients, but as technology advanced, they abandoned their botany based methods and began to work with physicians. Thus, the pharmacist was created and continues to help heal the sick today. A pharmacist is â€Å"an expert in the use of medicines and drugs† (McAlpine 52) and uses their knowledge to create medications according to the doctors’ instructions. However, the job description of a pharmacist is increasing and it is not uncommon to find a patient directly talking to a pharmacist about their prescription. Pharmacists now inform patients on the proper usage of the medication and its side effects (52). Patients can bypass their physician, if they have any questions or concerns ab ou... .... Works Cited Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. â€Å"Pharmacist.† Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition. 17 Dec. 2009. 21 Nov. 2011. . Carpenter, Rachel. â€Å"Pros and Cons of Being A Pharmacist.† Associated Content by Yahoo. 01 Oct. 2010. 22 Nov. 2011. . Gable, Fred. Opportunities in Pharmacy Careers. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2004. (33-41, 63-65). Hart, Alison. â€Å"Top Skills You Need To Be A Pharmacist.† USA Today. 19 Nov. 2002. 21 Nov. 2011. . McAlpine, Margaret. Working in Health Care. Milwaukee: Garth Stevens Publishing, 2005. (52-55). Yuping Yen. Personal Interview. 28 Nov. 2011.

Three generation project

Since, my mother and I are also Russian speaking emigrants our moms found each other fairly quickly through mutual English rouses in the local church. We are sharing a very friendly relationship between our families; spending holidays, birthdays and other happy occasions together. My first impression of my subject was that he was extremely shy and unsocial; however, after the ice between us was broken, he opened up to me and we shared a lot of interesting conversations.Needless to say, I am approaching this interview from a biased point of view since I know and like this young man. However, I will try my best to remain objective and critical for the sake of this report. To conduct this interview, I contacted my subject and asked him to meet me at my house. To be completely honest, I had my doubts regarding this interview because I had to be extremely cautious not to make him feel uncomfortable with my questions; however, I feel that my goal of getting to know him a little more person ally and be able to understand his age group was reached.INTERVIEW SUMMERY My subject arrived to our meeting as scheduled, and even surprised me with homemade chocolate cookies. I started our interview by asking him to tell me about himself –his interests, hobbies and etc. Basketball turned out to be his favorite sports activity, which he often shares with his friends. Even though he mentioned suffering from asthma he said that it never stopped him from being active. I asked him about his childhood, and what kind of memories he had from that period of time.He briefly talked about him growing up overseas and his cultural background; telling me about how his life experience, in two different nationalities, had shaped his identity. He remembers his childhood as being as if it was a â€Å"black and white movie†, meaning he didn't have much colorful memories due to their poverty I assumed. As far as adjusting in the United States, my subject said that it wasn't as hard for him as t was for his mother who had to take care of them both.As we moved along through the interview, I felt comfortable enough to ask him more personal questions about his romantic and sexual experience. I asked him to discuss about how puberty affected/or still effecting him, and what emotional or physical changes he went through during those years. I found out that my subject has had sexual intercourse with a girl from his school but they did not continue to develop their relationship. In regard to the physical changes with his body, my subject didn't elaborate too much but mentioned becoming more masculine.As part of the emotional changes during puberty, my subject said he feels that his parents don't understand him and he prefers not share his though or ideas with them to avoid any conflict. DISCUSSION Since I do know this adolescent and familiar with his background, history, and his development up to this point of his life, I feel that there are several important points that must be mentioned. As I brought up earlier, my subject grew up in Russia, raised by his mother and grandmother.His biological father was never around to represent the â€Å"male role† or father figure in the family structure. Shortly after they moved to the States, his mother remarried to a man who become a step father to my subject. According Bellboys (2013) physical developmental milestones for adolescence, my subject appears to be mostly on track. The phase of puberty, which is defined as a period of somatic and hormonal changes by which children become sexually mature, has evidently reached its peak when looking at my subject (238).His voice has definitely deepened (since I knew him when he had the high-pitched voice) and his motor performance is very good being that he plays basketball, and drives a car. Moreover, as the author of the text states, my subject exhibits secondary sexual characteristics, which are the label for the physical changes that accompany puberty alo ng with a growth spurt-?a dramatic increase in height and weight (241). Also, my subject has had sexual intercourse during his brief romantic relationship with a girl from his school; which Belles notes is often an important part of adolescent development (258).In terms of my subject's cognitive and socio-emotional part of the interview and how it relates to the theory-based developmental milestones, I believe hat my subject is at an adequate developmental level. For example, given his thought process, when I asked about a certain hypothetical project and the future, my subject was able to grasp these concepts and answer concretely. Discussing his plans regarding college and his possible career is one example of Jean Pigment's theory of formal operational thinking, regarding his own life. Belles 269) Likewise, my subject's ability to reason about his past and tell me about his experience with relocating to a different country, shows his ability of abstractly expressing his Houghton (Belles 267-8). He shared with me stories about the difficulties his mother went through when they first got the States; for example, my subject had to go with her to several Job interviews as a translator because her English wasn't very good. He said he never complained, but he definitely felt like the roles between them had changed, due to the fact that was often relying on him– instead of the opposite.Piglet's theory on morality, which influenced and was expanded on by Lawrence Goldberg, at the autonomous morality stage, adolescents realize that intentions, not imply outcomes, should serve as the basis for the Judgment of behavior and that it is the manner in which an adolescent reasons about a moral dilemma that determines moral maturity (Belles 271). I think my subject exhibits high moral values when he talks about his family, in particular what drawn my attention was his step father, with whom he does not share a very close relationship, but has a lot of respect for him for caring for his mom.Following Piglet's formal operation theory, David Liked conducted a study where he determined that children that make the transition onto teenage years become more socially conscious- exhibiting Adolescent Egocentrics (272). I have to say that I didn't spot any sighs of that behavior in my subject; in fact, he barely revealed any self-conscious thoughts regarding his looks or actions throughout the years of our friendly relationship. However, when I first met this young men, he seemed very unsocial and didn't really talk to anybody, and when he was approached by someone he showed some distress.At that point I would probably mark him as a social sensitive adolescent going through storm and stress phase (266). Although, the author in our text also describes those teens as more apt to make risky and dangerous decisions, it was not at all the case with my subject (273). Continuing with the socio-emotional development, one of the things that was pointed out in our interview is that my subject has a difficultly expressing his thoughts to his family due to the lack of understanding from their part.According to Judith Harrier's peer group colonization theory, immigrant adolescents have disagreements with their parents that may go beyond the reasonable arguing and involve fundamental differences in world views (Belles 288). This situation, in my opinion, leads toward the process of separations between him and his parents. As Belles states, â€Å"As teenagers push for freedom, they are given more decision making opportunities and establish a new, more equal, adult-like relationship† (287).Correspondingly to a research conducted by psychologists, Synthetically and Larson, my subject loves his family very much and enjoys spending time with them; however, he clearly says that when taken as whole, frustrating emotions outweigh the happy ones when living with them (286). I can defiantly relate to that idea! Focusing n the social aspect of devel oping, a big potential pubertal problem is popularity. From the interview and from my knowledge of him, my subject has increasingly less issues with peer pressure and finding an identity. He speaks of feeling comfortable as been part of a group of his choice.Supporting this finding, Beelike notes that social standing is very important at this age because it affects ten's academic/social paths, while being isolated from a crowd can lead to depression (278). Consequently, my subject is a good student, and surrounds himself with a small group (known as liqueur) that shares the same academic interests as him (Belles 289). By doing that I think he is reducing the risk of getting into trouble, because â€Å"†¦ Children who are not succeeding with the mainstreams kids gravitate toward antisocial groups of friends, who then give each other reinforcement for doing dangerous things†( 279).In addition, as Beelike (2013) mentions, school environment has a great impact on adolescent' s development because the academic and social growth is reliant on the ability of schools to fit their programs to the adolescent's state of mind (284). Thus, for y subject experience in high school, he says that the content of the material being passed on is k, but the way they've been passing it is boring. Also, he notes that his school does not have any after school program accept of tutoring. So what usually teens are doing after school is over?Mostly sitting in groups next to the school– smoking and engaging in other unhealthy and unappreciated activities, he says. Interpreting the author position in this matter, one can see that the need for youth development programs for after school period of the day is essential for keeping the adolescents out of the streets where they usually get into trouble (283). Consequently, those teens might get involved in bad crowds- which usually are groups with a main goal of performing antisocial acts (Belles 291).Lastly, CONCLUSION In co nclusion, I appreciated this project to a great extent due to its real and open minded nature. It is one thing to read about developmental theories, but it is a unique experience to explore those theories in real life and see how they play out. Also, this project was very beneficial for me because it helped understand better one of my close friends whom I like very much as a person. Conducting this interview and the following report helped me gain a better understanding of where this person is coming from and what has led him to his current state of development.With that said, I personally do not think he represent the majority of the adolescence group. Maybe I'm wrong, but I think that he have always been almost too mature for his age; never got into any serious troubles, treated his parents with respect as if he was an adult and dealt with very serious life changes in a calm way. Needless to say, that my teen age years were completely different. INTERVIEW QUESTIONS (Transcript): P hysical Marina You've: Do you play any sports? Subject: Yes. MY: Which ones? S: basketball. MY: In general, do you like to spend time outside? S: Yes, sometimes.MY: Doing what? S: Playing basketball, walking around with friends. MY: Do you work out, or do you Just play sports to keep in shape? S: I Just play sports to keep in shape. MY: Do you drive a car? S: yes. MY: What type of car is this? S: 2011 Ionians Ultimate MY: do you have any health conditions? S: Yes, I have asthma MY: Do take any medications currently? And do you feel that your condition is stopping you from doing stuff? S: Yes, I'm using alabaster. And I never thought of it as something that stops me in life. I mean, I know I'm not able to run tracks but I never intended to do it either.Cognitive MY: How would you say that you do in school, in general? Is it good, average or poorly? S: Good, school is really easy for me. MY: What are your favorite subjects? S: I think Math is k, but I don't really have a favorite subj ect. MY: How long did it take you to learn and speak English? S: At first I thought I will never be able to communicate with others in English although the school material was fairly easy for me because I could read & write utter that I spoke. I think, it took me about 6-7 months before I started talking to people.MY: In general, how would you describe your experience of moving to the States? Was it difficult to adjust? S: It was somewhat difficult, but it seems to me like a bad dream now. At first, my mom and I we didn't know anyone here and felt very nervous about everything, even going to the store was a big death. Currently, after several years have passed, we feel it is our home and this is where we belong. MY: When you have a big assignment or a big project to do, how do you usually approach it? Do you wait until the last second or you rather get it done as soon as possible?S: I usually Just like to do everything in order and gather all the information that I need, and then pu t it all together in my project. MY: would you describe yourself as pretty organized in general? S: Yes. MY: Have thought about your future? What you're going to do right after high school – and then even further from there? S: Yes, I have thought about my future and in particular I'm thinking about going to college. I would like to become an engineer one day. Social/Emotional MY: Do you like school? S: Its k I guess, I can't say I hate it. MY: What would u do differently in your school?S: I would probably make classes less conventional because it get pretty boring after doing that for so many years. MY: Do you get along with your peers? S: Mostly yes. My: Do you feel popular in your school? S: I think I'm popular among my friends, all the others don't bother me. MY: Do you have a girlfriend? S: No, not right now MY: So you had one before right? S: Yes, I had this girl from our school MY: Didn't work out? S: No, we are Just different MY: Do you get along with your mom and you step father? S: Most of the time yes, but sometimes she will get on my nerves and she won't give up.My step dad is fine I guess, we aren't very close but we don't fight either. I usually don't share with them any personal information because I know they won't understand me, I guess because they grew up in different circumstances than I did. MY: Do you have any brothers or sisters? S: Yes, I have a 3 year old brother. MY: Do you feel different now that are not the only child in the family? S: Yes, he gets all the attention from every body, but that's understandable because he is small child. MY: Do you miss your grandmother? I know she is still in Russia.S: Yes I do, I wish she could be here with us. I know she is struggling with money and I'm planning to get a Job this summer so I can send her money. MY: Do you feel that your parents trust you enough to let you live your own life? Or are they worried and strict? S: I guess they do trust me to a certain point, but they would ask lik e a million questions whenever I leave the house or come back. We talked about me going to college and living on campus, I think they are k with that. Reference Belles, Janet. Experiencing the lifespan (3rd De. ). New York: Worth (2013).

Strategic Management Case Study Module 7

Strategic Management Module 7 Case Study Daryl L. Young Thomas Edison State College Strategic Management Module 7 Case Study Housing Bubble and Its Burst Case Study Question 1: Explain the cause of the housing bubble and its burst in the mid-2000s. To what extent is this problem the result of ethical failure? Housing Bubble No single cause can fully explain the crisis but, in my opinion, the two major bases were legislation that promoted homeownership and subprime mortgages. To fully understand the environment that spawned the housing bubble, we’ll have to travel back to the 1930s, when the country was in the midst of the Great Depression.During this time frame, homeownership represented only about 40 percent of the U. S. households (Thompson, Peteraf, Gamble, Strickland, 2012, p. c-423). Following severe mortgage market disruptions, widespread foreclosures, and sinking homeownership rates, the government created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), Fannie Mae, the Federa l Home Loan Bank (FHLB), and several decades later Freddie Mac to help promote secure and sustainable homeownership for future generation of Americans (Reforming America’s Housing Finance Market, A Report to Congress, 2011, P. 5).A Subprime Mortgage is a type of mortgage that is normally made out to borrowers with lower credit ratings; a conventional mortgage is not offered because the lender views the borrower as having a larger-than-average risk of defaulting on the loan; lending institutions often charge interest on subprime mortgages at a rate that is higher in order to compensate themselves for carrying more risk, as defined by Investopedia. com, 2013. In 1994, subprime mortgages represented approximately 6 percent of total mortgage loans originated but by 2005 the percentage grew to 37. (Thomson et al. , 2012). Private firms like Countrywide, and others, issued more than 84 percent of the subprime mortgages in 2006 (Swift, 2011). Fast-forward to the 2000s and the effect s of federal legislation over 60 years increased homeownership to nearly 70 percent (Thomson et al. , 2012) coupled with an explosion of subprime mortgages, and appreciation of homes values resulted in the housing bubble. Housing Bubble Burst As there are several factors that created the bubble, there are just as many that were responsible for its burst.The most significant factors were the repeal of a major component of the Glass-Steagall Act and a weakened housing market. First, lets look at the Glass-Steagall Act. One of the components in the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 separated investment (brokerage) and commercial banking activities (investopedia. com, 2009). The clause stipulated that banks would be allowed to take deposits and make loans, brokers would be allowed to underwrite and sell securities, but no firm would be allowed to do both due to the conflicts of interest and risks to insured deposits (Rickards, 2012). In 1999, President Bill Clinton and Republicans led by Sen.P hil Gramm repealed part of the Glass-Steagall Act, removing barriers that prohibited any one institution from acting as any combination, at the behest of big banks (Rickards, 2012). Secondly, the U. S. economy began to weaken, with declining demand for housing, which caused home prices to plummet and appreciation in home prices came to an end, and in most cases reversing (Thompson et al. , 2012). Homeowners, investors, and financial institutions did not have enough capital supporting their investments to absorb the resulting losses (Reforming America’s Housing Finance Market, A Report to Congress, 2011, P. ). Homeowners were faced with foreclosure when they lost income during the economy slowdown or seen their payment on Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARMs) rise to a point of unaffordability (Thompson et al. , 2012). In 2008, credit markets froze. Our nation's financial system – which had outgrown and outmaneuvered a regulatory framework largely designed in the 1930s †“ was driven to the brink of collapse. Millions of Americans lost their jobs, families lost their homes, and small businesses shut down (Reforming America’s Housing Finance Market, A Report to Congress, 2011, P. 5). Countrywides’ RoleCase Study Question 2: Evaluate Countrywide’s role in the subprime mortgage debacle. Was the company’s conduct unethical or illegal? Countrywide’s Role From 2005 to 2007, Countrywide was the leading subprime lender in the country issuing $97. 2 billion in subprime mortgages (Bloomberg Business Week, 2009) but only led in market share by 2 percent. The bottom 16 subprime mortgage-issuing firms accounted for $363. 5 billion in mortgages (reference chart 1). Countrywide was responsible for 10 percent of a $1 trillion problem. Conduct Unethical or Illegal Countrywide practices were illegal.Countrywide was charged with predatory lending practices (Thompson et al. , 2012) and later reached a multi-state settlement for $8. 68 billion (Huffman, 2008). â€Å" Countrywide’s lending practices turned the American dream into a nightmare fore tens of thousands of families by putting them into loans they couldn’t understand and ultimately couldn’t afford,† said Attorney General Edmund G. Brown Jr. , a co-leader of the negotiations for the states (Huffman, 2008). Countrywide settlement became the largest predatory lending settlement in history, dwarfing the nationwide $484 million settlement (Huffman, 2008).Case Study Question 3: Using this case as an example, who benefits and who gets hurt when a company engages in unethical or socially irresponsible behavior? In the long-term, no one benefits from this behavior. In this case study, the companies, shareholders, consumers, and global economy all suffered from the irresponsible behavior of many in the financial sector. Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost more than a quarter of their net worth (Wikipedia. org, 2013). T otal retirement assets dropped by 22 percent, from $10. 3 trillion in 2006 to $8 trillion in mid-2008 (Wikipedia. org, 2013).As with most unethical or irresponsible corporate behavior there are no long-term winners. References Denning, S. (2001). Lest We Forget: Why We Had a Financial Crisis. Forbes. Retrieve from: http://www. forbes. com/sites/stevedenning/2011/11/22/5086/ Huffman, M. (2008). Countrywide Settles Predatory Lending Charges for $8. 68 Billion. Consumer Affairs. Retrieved from: http://www. consumeraffairs. com/news04/2008/10/ countrywide_settlement. html Investopedia. (2013). Definition of Housing Bubble. Retrieved from: http://www. investopedia. com/terms/h/housing_bubble. asp#axzz2NRrhirhT Rickards, J. (2012).Repeal of Glass-Steagall Caused the Financial Crisis. Economic Intelligence. Retrieved from: http://www. usnews. com/opinion/blogs/economic- intelligence/2012/08/27/repeal-of-glass-steagall-caused-the-financial-crisis The Department of the Treasury. (2011). Refo rming America’s Housing Finance Markets, A Report to Congress. Retrieved from: http://www. treasury. gov/initiatives/Documents/ Reforming%20America's%20Housing%20Finance%20Market. pdf Thompson, A. , Peteraf, M. , Gamble, J. , Strickland III, A. (2012). Crafting & Executing Strategy, The Quest for Competitive Advantage. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.